En virtud de la autoridad que me confieren como Presidente la Constitución y las leyes de los Estados Unidos de América, por la presente se ordena:  

     Sección  1. Política y propósito . La Constitución confiere todo el poder ejecutivo al Presidente y le encarga la fiel ejecución de   las leyes. Dado que sería imposible que el Presidente llevara a cabo por sí solo todas las funciones ejecutivas del Gobierno federal, la Constitución también prevé la designación de funcionarios subordinados para que asistan al Presidente en sus funciones ejecutivas. En el ejercicio de su autoridad, a menudo considerable, estos funcionarios del poder ejecutivo siguen sujetos a la supervisión y el control permanentes del Presidente. El Presidente, a su vez, es elegido regularmente por el pueblo estadounidense y rinde cuentas ante él. Esta es una de las salvaguardas estructurales, junto con la separación de poderes entre los poderes ejecutivo y legislativo, las elecciones regulares para el Congreso y un poder judicial independiente cuyos jueces son designados por el Presidente con el asesoramiento y el consentimiento del Senado, por las que los redactores de la Constitución crearon un gobierno responsable ante el pueblo estadounidense.   

     Sin embargo, las administraciones anteriores permitieron que las llamadas “agencias reguladoras independientes” operaran con una mínima supervisión presidencial. Actualmente, estas agencias reguladoras ejercen una autoridad ejecutiva sustancial sin rendir suficientes cuentas al presidente y, a través de él, al pueblo estadounidense. Además, se les ha permitido promulgar importantes regulaciones sin la revisión del presidente.  

     Estas prácticas socavan la rendición de cuentas de esos organismos reguladores ante el pueblo estadounidense e impiden una ejecución unificada y coherente de la ley federal. Para que el Gobierno federal sea verdaderamente responsable ante el pueblo estadounidense, los funcionarios que ejercen un amplio poder ejecutivo deben ser supervisados ​​y controlados por el Presidente elegido por el pueblo.   

     Por lo tanto, con el fin de mejorar la administración del poder ejecutivo y aumentar la rendición de cuentas de los funcionarios reguladores ante el pueblo estadounidense, será política del poder ejecutivo asegurar la supervisión y el control presidencial de todo el poder ejecutivo. Además, todos los departamentos y agencias ejecutivas, incluidas las denominadas agencias independientes, presentarán para su revisión todas las medidas regulatorias significativas propuestas y finales a la Oficina de Información y Asuntos Regulatorios (OIRA) dentro de la Oficina Ejecutiva del Presidente antes de su publicación en el  Registro Federal . 

     Sec .  2. Definiciones .   A los efectos de esta orden:

     (a)  The term “employees” shall have the meaning given that term in section 2105 of title 5, United States Code.   

     (b)  The term “independent regulatory agency” shall have the meaning given that term in section 3502(5) of title 44, United States Code.  This order shall not apply to the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System or to the Federal Open Market Committee in its conduct of monetary policy.  This order shall apply to the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System only in connection with its conduct and authorities directly related to its supervision and regulation of financial institutions.  

     (c)  The term “independent regulatory agency chairman” shall mean, with regard to a multi-member independent regulatory agency, the chairman of such agency, and shall mean, with regard to a single-headed independent regulatory agency, such agency’s chairman, director, or other presiding officer.    

     (d)  The term “head” of an independent regulatory agency shall mean those appointed to supervise independent regulatory agencies and in whom the agencies’ authorities are generally vested, encompassing the chairman, director, or other presiding officer, and, as applicable, other members, commissioners, or similar such officials with responsibility for supervising such agencies.   

     Sec. 3.  OIRA Review of Agency Regulations.  (a)  Section 3(b) of Executive Order 12866 of September 30, 1993 (“Regulatory Planning and Review”), as amended, is hereby amended to read as follows:   

     “(b)  “Agency,” unless otherwise indicated, means any authority of the United States that is an “agency” under 44 U.S.C. 3502(1), and shall also include the Federal Election Commission.  This order shall not apply to the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System or to the Federal Open Market Committee in its conduct of monetary policy.  This order shall apply to the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System only in connection with its conduct and authorities directly related to its supervision and regulation of financial institutions.”.

     (b)  The Director of the Office of Management and Budget (OMB) shall provide guidance on implementation of this order to the heads of executive departments and agencies newly submitting regulatory actions under section 3(b) of Executive Order 12866.  Agency submissions by independent regulatory agencies under such section shall commence within the earlier of 60 days from the date of this order, or completion of such implementation guidance.  

     Sec. 4.  Performance Standards and Management Objectives.  The Director of OMB shall establish performance standards and management objectives for independent agency heads, as appropriate and consistent with applicable law, and report periodically to the President on their performance and efficiency in attaining such standards and objectives. 

     Sec. 5.  Apportionments for Independent Regulatory Agencies.  The Director of OMB shall, on an ongoing basis:   

     (a)  review independent regulatory agencies’ obligations for consistency with the President’s policies and priorities; and   

     (b)  consult with independent regulatory agency chairmen and adjust such agencies’ apportionments by activity, function, project, or object, as necessary and appropriate, to advance the President’s policies and priorities.  Such adjustments to apportionments may prohibit independent regulatory agencies from expending appropriations on particular activities, functions, projects, or objects, so long as such restrictions are consistent with law. 

     Sec. 6.  Additional Consultation with the Executive Office of the President.  (a)  Subject to subsection (b), independent regulatory agency chairmen shall regularly consult with and coordinate policies and priorities with the directors of OMB, the White House Domestic Policy Council, and the White House National Economic Council.  

     (b)  The heads of independent regulatory agencies shall establish a position of White House Liaison in their respective agencies.  Such position shall be in grade 15 of the General Schedule and shall be placed in Schedule C of the excepted service.  

     (c)  Independent regulatory agency chairmen shall submit agency strategic plans developed pursuant to the Government Performance and Results Act of 1993 to the Director of OMB for clearance prior to finalization. 

      Sec. 7.  Rules of Conduct Guiding Federal Employees’ Interpretation of the Law. The President and the Attorney General, subject to the President’s supervision and control, shall provide authoritative interpretations of law for the executive branch.  The President and the Attorney General’s opinions on questions of law are controlling on all employees in the conduct of their official duties.  No employee of the executive branch acting in their official capacity may advance an interpretation of the law as the position of the United States that contravenes the President or the Attorney General’s opinion on a matter of law, including but not limited to the issuance of regulations, guidance, and positions advanced in litigation, unless authorized to do so by the President or in writing by the Attorney General. 

      Sec. 8.  General Provisions.  (a)  If any provision of this order, or the application of any provision to any person or circumstance, is held to be invalid, the remainder of this order and the application of its provisions to any other persons or circumstances shall not be affected thereby.  

     (b)  Nothing in this order shall be construed to impair or otherwise affect:  

     (i) la autoridad otorgada por ley a un departamento o agencia ejecutiva, o al jefe de la misma; o 

     (ii) las funciones del Director de la Oficina de Administración y Presupuesto relacionadas con propuestas presupuestarias, administrativas o legislativas.  

     (c) Esta orden se implementará de conformidad con la ley aplicable y sujeta a la disponibilidad de asignaciones.  

     (d) Esta orden no pretende, y no crea, ningún derecho o beneficio, sustantivo o procesal, exigible por ley o en equidad por ninguna de las partes contra los Estados Unidos, sus departamentos, agencias o entidades, sus funcionarios, empleados o agentes, o cualquier otra persona.